2013年1月31日木曜日

スティーブジョブズ スタンフォード スピーチ原文

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Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.

Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.

This was the start in my life. And seventeen years later, I did go to college, but I naïvely chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.

If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.

Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.

My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was twenty. We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned thirty, and then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at thirty, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story," and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.

In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't settle.

My third story is about death. When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, because almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept. No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent; it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late Sixties, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. it was sort of like Google in paperback form thirty-five years before Google came along. I was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stuart and his team put out several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-Seventies and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish.

Thank you all, very much.
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2013年1月30日水曜日

教員の駆け込み退職

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今、ちょっと話題になっている教員の駆け込み退職。

駆け込み退職する教師がバッシングされている。
60歳まで働いてようやく定年を迎えた教師のひとはなんだかこのめちゃくちゃな制度で騙し討ちにあった気分だろう。

2月や3月に退職金を150万円減らしますとの制度変更とのこと。
そりゃ普通の感覚していたら怒りますわな。
騙し討ちはいかんでしょ。
こういうことを国がやっているのが一番教育上よろしくないんじゃないかなぁ。

完全な制度設計のミスだと思う。
自分たちのミスは棚において責任を教員に押しつける。
そしてそれを煽るマスメディア。

下村博文文科相は「決して許されない」とトンチンカンな発言。
こういう場合は、「我々の制度設計のミス、国の財政も逼迫しており、教員の皆さんには申し訳ありませんが、なんとか耐えてください」とでも言うべきだろう。(行政のトップとしてちゃんとしろ)

国民の代表たる議員の劣化が激しい。
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2013年1月16日水曜日

任期付き助教の転職 ポスドク・オーバードクター問題

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任期付き助教の転職
http://antiacademicpost001.seesaa.net/

という記事がはてなに出てたのでちょっと書いてみる。

上の記事の要約は、
”教授などの終身職を得るまでの道のりは大変。
生半可な業績じゃ競争が激しすぎて無理。
しかも業績だけじゃなくてコネまでいる。

だけど、ポスドクや助教は給料500万円〜600万円もらっていて実は結構ぬるい。
こんなぬるい世界にいると自分のスキルアップができずに
いつか緩慢なる死を迎えるに違いない。さあ民間企業に就職しよう。”

全くその通り。
民間企業とは異なる常識で動いてる。
基本的に、ぬるい世界で、ほとんど成果を上げていない人が多い。
これは税金の無駄じゃないかと”納税者”としてはがっくしくる。
全くセンスがない研究者にいたっては高価な試薬を捨てているようなもの。

でもそれはしょうがない事なのだ。
研究者になりたいという人は、2つに分かれる。
真剣に科学者になろうと考えているひと
何となく社会にでたくないからそこにいるひと(モラトリアム)
数としては後者が多いかもしれない。

そうなるとぬるい社会になる。
(決して優秀なひとが集まっている社会ではありません)

だけど一言いいたい、ポスドク・オーバードクター問題はもううんざりだと。
どうでも良いではないか。
食えなきゃ食えないで。
なんとか仕事見つけろよと。
いい加減、自分の人生は自分で責任をもてよと。
豊な日本にいるんだったら何にしても生きては行けるだろ???

日経新聞で取り上げられるポスドク問題だから、

さまよう「非正規博士」 


http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDD12021_S3A110C1SHA000/
そろそろ、ポスドクの未来は明るいのじゃないかなあ。
こんなニュースを見ていたら大学院に優秀なひとが進まなくなるでしょ。
そしたら、今いるポスドクの人は
アカポス取る競争が緩和されるし、WDBみたいな研究者派遣業ができるぐらいだから、もうちょっとしたら、簡単にアカポスとれるようになるかも。

研究者に真剣になりたいひとにとっては今がチャンスでしょ。
(なんでも夜明け前が一番暗い)



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2013年1月15日火曜日

リスクを負わないのがリスク

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ビルゲイツの言葉
リスクを負わないのがリスク。成功は、最低の教師だ。この20年間は信じられないような、冒険の日々だった。切羽詰まったときにこそ、最高の能力を発揮できる。 

マークザッカーバーグの言葉
 最大のリスクは、一切のリスクをとらないこと。非常に変化の早い世界で、唯一失敗が保証されている戦略はリスクをとらないことだ。

研究も同じである。
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2013年1月12日土曜日

ピロリ菌はペリプラズム空間をウレアーゼでpH6.1に中和している。

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2013年1月10日 vol 493 Nature page 255- Structure of the proton-gated urea channel from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori 
ピロリ菌はpH2.0の胃液の中で生息するためにproton gated urea channelを使って菌周辺部を中和している。

ピロリ菌は体自身が酸に強いわけではなく菌体周辺を中和する機構をもっているのねと。
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2013年1月6日日曜日

コンセンサスはだいたい間違っている

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研究者をしていて驚く事は、ほとんどの研究者はまじめで常識を善とする人たちなのだ。
強調したいことは彼らはひどく常識人である。
それでは独創的な研究ができるわけがないのにも関わらずである。

いつも話していて感じる事は、そんな彼らが(あえて自分を含んでいない)まじめにこつこつ今までの知識を前提に研究していれば良い研究ができると信じていることである。
そして、そういうヒトに限って、私はこんなに一生懸命に努力しているのに報われない、
あいつはなんであんなにうまく行くのだと言う。
努力というものは成果とは関係ない。

私の周りにも、とても”常識的”で”まとも”な研究者がたくさんいる。
そんな彼らは退屈である。
常識的やまともといった言葉は退屈に通じている。

そこで提案したい、そんなひとと議論して、彼らがそれは不可能だろう、やっても意味が無いだろうといったらチャンスだ。
私は研究テーマを考える時にこの手を使っている。
コンセンサスに反して、否定されることをやり抜く。これが一番だ。
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2013年1月5日土曜日

HTMLメタ文字−>エスケープ文字変換

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Google adsense をブログにはるためには
HTML メタ文字をエスケープ文字に変換する必要があります。

例えば 
& -> &amp
<  -> &lt
>  -> &gt
"  -> &quot

などなど

便利な変換サイト
http://purigen.seesaa.net/article/118975852.html



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2013年1月3日木曜日

研究費

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ほとんどの科学者は国民より研究費をいただいて研究している。

文科省系の科研費やJSTのERATO,CREST,ICORP
厚生省系からの科研費
経産省系NEDO
総務省系NICT
完全な縦割りであり、
それによって雇用されている研究者は膨大である。
はっきりいって非効率な研究費の使い方である。

投下された資本に対して、科学者のパフォーマンスが十分かといわれると、
NOである。

科学者の成果評価の難しさは今に始まったことではない。
そもそも、10年後50年後に重要な応用展開がなされることが多く、
現在それを評価できる人はほとんどいない。

かといってすぐに応用展開できるようなことを税金でやる必要も無い。
企業がやればよいのである。
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